What is Double/Bilateral Knee Replacement Surgery?
Overview Arthritis is a condition characterised by joint inflammation, which can affect a single joint or multiple joints, leading to discomfort and stiffness. When arthritis impacts one or both knees, it typically signals that the cartilage within the joints has deteriorated. Knee replacement surgery is a procedure designed to substitute the damaged joints and alleviate these symptoms. During this surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged portions of the knee joint and replaces them with an artificial implant known as a prosthesis. These prostheses are constructed from materials such as metal, plastic, and ceramic. They can significantly improve knee function and reduce arthritis-related pain. . During this surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged portions of the knee joint and replaces them with an artificial implant known as a prosthesis. These prostheses are constructed from materials such as metal, plastic, and ceramic. They can significantly improve knee function and reduce arthritis-related pain. In cases where arthritis severely affects both knees, doctors might propose double knee replacement surgery. Due to the heightened risks associated with this procedure, it is generally recommended for individuals who are: In good physical condition In overall excellent health Committed to undergoing physical therapy and rehabilitation post-surgery to regain mobility Types of Double Knee Replacement Surgery Double knee replacement can be performed through one of two approaches: Simultaneous Bilateral Knee Replacement. In this method, both knees are replaced during the same surgical session. Staged Bilateral Knee Replacement. Here, each knee is replaced in separate surgeries, conducted months apart. Each approach may involve either a total or partial knee replacement for one or both knees. Simultaneous Bilateral Knee Replacement This approach involves replacing both knees in a single surgery. Its key advantage lies in the fact that only one hospital stay and one rehabilitation period are required to address both knees. However, recovery may be more challenging as it involves rehabilitating both knees simultaneously. Many individuals require assistance at home during the recovery phase. This surgery generally takes longer, lasting about three to four hours, compared to the two-hour duration for each surgery in the staged approach. The longer surgical time and higher doses of anaesthesia increase the risk of complications. For this reason, simultaneous knee replacement is not recommended for individuals with conditions such as heart or lung disease, as these groups face a higher likelihood of heart complications or significant blood loss during and after the procedure. Staged Bilateral Knee Replacement This approach involves replacing each knee in separate surgeries conducted months apart. Each surgery typically lasts around two hours, allowing one knee to recover before addressing the second. The primary benefit of this method is the reduced risk of complications. Additionally, the hospital stay is shorter for each surgery. However, staged bilateral knee replacement requires undergoing two separate procedures, resulting in an extended overall recovery time. This delay may prolong the period before patients can return to their usual activities. Risks of Double Knee Replacement Both simultaneous and staged double knee replacement surgeries carry risks, including: Infection Blood clots Heart attack Stroke Nerve damage Failure of the artificial joint Potential need for blood transfusion Individuals over the age of 65 face a higher likelihood of experiencing complications, and men are generally at greater risk than women. Recovery and Rehabilitation Hospital Stay After surgery, patients are monitored in a recovery room for a few hours before being transferred to their hospital room. Hospitalisation typically lasts 3–5 days for staged surgeries and up to 10 days for simultaneous surgeries. During this period, medications are provided to manage pain, and doctors monitor for complications like infection or blood clots. Physical Therapy Physical therapy begins shortly after surgery, sometimes within hours, to help patients regain knee movement. Therapy programs generally last 6–12 weeks but can extend based on individual progress and preexisting physical conditions. Therapy regimens often include: Walking plans to improve mobility Knee-strengthening exercises to restore movement and build strength Activities designed to aid everyday functions, such as climbing stairs A physical therapist guides patients through these exercises, gradually increasing their ability to perform daily tasks. Following the instructions of healthcare providers is essential during rehabilitation. Adherence ensures a smoother recovery and maximises the success of the procedure. What to Expect When you arrive at the hospital, you’ll change into a gown and receive either a spinal block, which numbs the lower half of your body, or general anaesthesia to induce a sleep-like state. Numbing medications may also be administered around the joint to reduce post-surgery pain. During the Procedure The surgery typically lasts 1 to 2 hours. During the operation, the surgeon: Makes an incision over the knee. Removes damaged bone and cartilage, preserving healthy bone. Implants the artificial components into the thighbone, shinbone, and kneecap. Recovery Timeline Most patients fully recover within 8 to 12 months, though recovery times can vary depending on factors such as age and overall health.
What is RIRS Treatment for Kidney Stone?
Overview Kidney stones form when hard minerals and salt crystals accumulate in the kidneys. Treatment for kidney stones depends on their size and location, ranging from non-surgical options to procedures using sound waves or laser therapy. Among these options, Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) stands out as a highly advanced and reliable laser surgery for kidney stones. If your doctor recommends RIRS, understanding the procedure will help you make informed decisions about your health and treatment. What is RIRS? Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove kidney stones. The term “retrograde” refers to the method of entering the kidney through the ureter in a reverse direction. A fibre-optic endoscope is employed to visualise the kidney, while a Holmium laser breaks the stones into smaller fragments, which are then either removed or passed naturally through the urine. This cutting-edge surgery is effective, precise, and associated with minimal complications. When is RIRS Recommended? RIRS is generally advised for patients with: Renal stones smaller than 2 cm. Cases where shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has been unsuccessful. Preparing for RIRS Preoperative Tests and Preparations: Before the surgery, doctors typically request the following tests: Abdomen ultrasound. X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs (especially for stones larger than 15 mm). Urinalysis and culture to check for infections. Additionally, fasting for at least 6 hours before the procedure may be required. Type of Anesthesia Used: RIRS is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia, depending on the patient’s condition and preferences. Post-Surgery Recovery and Care Although RIRS is a day-care procedure, recovery can take 7 to 8 days. Following post-surgery care tips ensures a smooth recovery: Catheter Use A urinary catheter may be placed temporarily to ease urination and minimise discomfort. The duration of its use depends on the doctor’s assessment. Dietary Adjustments Consume a high-fibre diet to prevent constipation, reducing strain during bowel movements. A mild laxative may be prescribed by your doctor. Hydration Drink 8–10 litres of water daily to maintain urine flow and prevent new stone formation. Lifestyle Restrictions Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages. Refrain from heavy lifting and strenuous activities for at least a month post-surgery. Why RIRS is a Preferred Option RIRS is one of the most reliable methods for kidney stone removal due to its: Minimally invasive nature, leading to minimal pain and blood loss. Faster recovery time compared to traditional surgical methods. High success rate and low risk of complications.
Knee Replacement Surgery: Why, Risks, Procedure, Benefits, Recovery and Results
Overview Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, involves replacing damaged or worn-out components of the knee joint with artificial parts. These replacement parts are typically made from metal and plastic and are used to substitute damaged bone and cartilage. This surgery helps alleviate pain and improve knee function. Before recommending knee replacement surgery, a surgeon evaluates the knee’s range of motion, strength, and stability. X-rays are used to assess the extent of the damage. Factors such as age, weight, activity level, knee size and shape, and overall health influence the choice of artificial joints and surgical techniques. Why Knee Replacement Surgery Done? The primary reason for knee replacement surgery is to relieve pain caused by arthritis. People who undergo this surgery often have difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or rising from chairs. If only one section of the knee is damaged, a partial knee replacement may suffice. In this procedure, only the affected portion of the knee is replaced. If the entire knee joint is compromised, a total knee replacement is performed, which involves reshaping the ends of the thighbone and shinbone and resurfacing the joint. Artificial parts are inserted into the softer central portion of these bones. When the knee’s ligaments cannot adequately hold the joint together, surgeons may use connected implants to stabilise the knee. Risks Associated with Knee Replacement Surgery Blood clots: These are most common in the legs but can travel to the lungs, which may be life-threatening. Blood-thinning medications are typically prescribed to mitigate this risk. Nerve damage: Nerves around the surgical site may be injured, leading to numbness, weakness, or pain. Infection: Infections can occur at the incision site or deeper within the tissue. In severe cases, additional surgery may be required to treat the infection. Implant wear and loosening: Although knee implants are durable, they can wear out or loosen over time, potentially necessitating another surgery. Preparing for Knee Replacement Surgery Medications and Dietary Restrictions Your medical team may recommend stopping specific medications or supplements before surgery. Additionally, you may need to avoid eating after midnight on the day of your procedure. Preparing Your Home and Recovery Tools For the weeks following surgery, you may need assistive devices such as crutches or a walker. To prepare for a safe and manageable recovery, consider: Setting up a living space on one floor to avoid stairs. Installing safety bars or secure handrails in bathrooms. Ensuring stairways have sturdy handrails. Use a stable chair with firm cushioning and a footstool for leg elevation. Obtaining a toilet seat riser with arms for easier access. Removing tripping hazards like loose rugs and cords. What to Expect When you arrive at the hospital, you’ll change into a gown and receive either a spinal block, which numbs the lower half of your body, or general anaesthesia to induce a sleep-like state. Numbing medications may also be administered around the joint to reduce post-surgery pain. During the Procedure The surgery typically lasts 1 to 2 hours. During the operation, the surgeon: Makes an incision over the knee. Removes damaged bone and cartilage, preserving healthy bone. Implants the artificial components into the thighbone, shinbone, and kneecap. After the Procedure After surgery, you’ll spend time in a recovery area before moving to your hospital room. Hospital stays vary based on individual needs, with many patients able to return home the same day. To prevent blood clots, the following measures may be taken: Encouraging early movement, such as sitting up and walking with support shortly after surgery. Using elastic compression stockings or inflatable air sleeves to improve blood circulation in the legs. Prescribing blood thinners for several weeks post-surgery. ou’ll also be encouraged to perform breathing exercises and gradually increase your activity level. Physical therapy starts soon after surgery to restore knee function and continues at home or a dedicated facility. Results of Knee Replacement Surgery For most patients, knee replacement alleviates pain, enhances mobility, and improves overall quality of life. Modern knee replacements typically last 15 to 20 years. After recovery, patients can participate in low-impact activities like walking, swimming, cycling, or golfing. However, high-impact activities, such as jogging or contact sports, should be avoided. Your healthcare provider can advise on safe ways to stay active post-surgery.
