Kidney Stone Treatment

Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in your kidneys and can cause severe pain when passing through the urinary tract.

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What Are Kidney Stones?

A kidney stone is a solid mass made up of crystals, usually formed from minerals and salts that clump together in the kidneys. These stones can affect any part of the urinary tract, from the kidneys to the bladder. Most kidney stones form when the urine becomes too concentrated, allowing the minerals to crystallize and stick together.

There are different types of kidney stones, with calcium stones being the most common. In India, around 12% of the population is affected by kidney stones at some point in their life, with men being more prone than women.

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Causes of Kidney Stones

Dehydration

Dehydration

Inadequate water intake is one of the primary causes of kidney stones, especially in India’s hot climate where dehydration is more common.

Diet

Diet

Diets high in protein, salt, and sugar can increase the risk of certain types of kidney stones. A high intake of oxalate-rich foods like spinach and nuts also contributes to stone formation.

Family or Personal History

Family or Personal History

If you or a family member has had kidney stones before, you are more likely to develop them again.

Obesity

Obesity

Increased body weight has been linked to a higher risk of developing kidney stones.

Medical Conditions

Medical Conditions

Conditions like diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, and chronic urinary tract infections can increase the likelihood of stone formation.

Preventing Kidney Stones

At TAH Global Healthcare, we take every precaution to minimise these risks by employing the latest surgical techniques and providing personalised care for each patient.

Diagnosis of Kidney Stones

  • Medical History and Symptoms

    Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, lifestyle, diet, and any family history of kidney stones.

  • Physical Examination

    The doctor will check for tenderness in your abdomen or sides, as well as signs of infection.

  • Urine Tests

    These tests help identify substances in your urine that might contribute to stone formation, as well as detect infections.

  • Blood Tests

    Blood tests can show high levels of certain minerals, like calcium or uric acid, which may be causing kidney stones.

  • Imaging Tests

    X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans may be used to visualize the size and location of the kidney stones. A CT scan, in particular, provides detailed images and is considered the most accurate method for detecting kidney stones.

Treatment Options for Kidney Stones

Drinking Fluids

Drinking Fluids

For small kidney stones, drinking plenty of water (up to 3 litres a day) can help flush them out of your system naturally. Your doctor may also prescribe pain relievers to manage discomfort during this process.

Medications

Medications

Certain medications can help pass smaller stones or prevent new stones from forming. These may include

  • Pain relievers (to manage discomfort)
  • Alpha-blockers (to relax the muscles in the ureter, helping pass the stone)
  • Diuretics or other medications to prevent stone formation in the future
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

This non-invasive procedure uses sound waves to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces, making them easier to pass through the urine. ESWL is one of the most common treatments for stones that are too large to pass on their own but do not require surgery.

Ureteroscopy

Ureteroscopy

A thin, flexible tube is passed through the urethra and bladder to the stone, where the doctor can either remove the stone or break it into smaller pieces using a laser.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

For large stones that cannot be treated with ESWL or ureteroscopy, PCNL is a minimally invasive surgical procedure. A small incision is made in your back, and the stone is removed using special instruments.

Recovery and Long-term care

After treatment, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice to ensure full recovery and prevent future stones. Most patients are able to return to normal activities within a few days to weeks, depending on the type of treatment received.

Regular follow-up appointments, a healthy lifestyle, and staying hydrated are key to preventing the recurrence of kidney stones.

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