Overview
Kidney stones form when hard minerals and salt crystals accumulate in the kidneys. Treatment for kidney stones depends on their size and location, ranging from non-surgical options to procedures using sound waves or laser therapy.
Among these options, Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) stands out as a highly advanced and reliable laser surgery for kidney stones. If your doctor recommends RIRS, understanding the procedure will help you make informed decisions about your health and treatment.
What is RIRS?
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove kidney stones. The term “retrograde” refers to the method of entering the kidney through the ureter in a reverse direction. A fibre-optic endoscope is employed to visualise the kidney, while a Holmium laser breaks the stones into smaller fragments, which are then either removed or passed naturally through the urine.
This cutting-edge surgery is effective, precise, and associated with minimal complications.
When is RIRS Recommended?
RIRS is generally advised for patients with:
- Renal stones smaller than 2 cm.
- Cases where shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has been unsuccessful.
Preparing for RIRS
Preoperative Tests and Preparations: Before the surgery, doctors typically request the following tests:
- Abdomen ultrasound.
- X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs (especially for stones larger than 15 mm).
- Urinalysis and culture to check for infections.
- Additionally, fasting for at least 6 hours before the procedure may be required.
Type of Anesthesia Used: RIRS is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia, depending on the patient’s condition and preferences.
Post-Surgery Recovery and Care
Although RIRS is a day-care procedure, recovery can take 7 to 8 days. Following post-surgery care tips ensures a smooth recovery:
Catheter Use
- A urinary catheter may be placed temporarily to ease urination and minimise discomfort. The duration of its use depends on the doctor’s assessment.
Dietary Adjustments
- Consume a high-fibre diet to prevent constipation, reducing strain during bowel movements.
- A mild laxative may be prescribed by your doctor.
Hydration
- Drink 8–10 litres of water daily to maintain urine flow and prevent new stone formation.
Lifestyle Restrictions
- Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
- Refrain from heavy lifting and strenuous activities for at least a month post-surgery.
Why RIRS is a Preferred Option
RIRS is one of the most reliable methods for kidney stone removal due to its:
- Minimally invasive nature, leading to minimal pain and blood loss.
- Faster recovery time compared to traditional surgical methods.
- High success rate and low risk of complications.
